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SACs with marine components

 

Special Areas of Conservation may be designated for habitats or species of conservation importance (listed in Annex I and Annex II to the Habitats Directive) in terrestrial, coastal and marine areas.
 
SACs with marine components are those which contain qualifying marine habitats and/or qualifying marine species. A map of the 76 SACs with marine components in the UK and a list of their marine interest features are available.  GIS users may also download GIS boundary data for SACs with marine components.
 
Areas of Responsibility for marine Natura
The majority of existing SACs with marine components are coastal; a further phase of site selection is underway to select marine sites beyond coastal waters, with JNCC leading on the selection of sites within the UK offshore area (beyond 12nm of the coast). The identification of SACs which are fully detached from the coast but lie in territorial waters remains with the relevant country conservation agency (Natural England (formally English Nature), Environment and Heritage Service (Northern Ireland), Scottish Natural Heritage & the Countryside Council for Wales). Figure 1 (right) shows areas of responsibility for SAC identification within the UK (click on image to enlarge).
 
SACs are being identified for marine habitats away from the coast, and may be identified for marine species away from the coast. All marine Natura 2000 work is co-ordinated through the Marine Natura 2000 Project Group, an inter-agency working group chaired by Professor Lynda Warren (independent member of the Joint Nature Conservation Committee). This Project Group reports to the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, and works to ensure that marine SAC identification is consistent with that which has already been undertaken to designate Natura 2000 sites in the coastal and terrestrial environment.
 
Marine Annex I Habitats in UK waters
 
The following Annex I habitats are considered marine as they are covered (continuously or intermittently) by the sea:
 
Code Annex I Habitat
1110 Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time
1130  Estuaries
1140  Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide
1150  Coastal lagoons [except where landwards of Highest Astronomical Tide and not directly connected to the sea]
1160  Large shallow inlets and bays
1170  Reefs
1180  Submarine structures made by leaking gases
8330 Submerged or partially submerged sea caves
1210  Annual vegetation of drift lines
1310 Salicornia and other annuals colonising mud and sand
1320 Spartina swards (Spartinion maritimae)
1330 Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae) [except where landwards of Highest Astronomical Tide]
1420 Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi) [except where landwards of Highest Astronomical Tide]
 
Marine Annex II species in UK waters
 
The following Annex II species are dependent on the marine environment for all or part of their lifecycle: 
 
Code Annex II Species
1349  Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
1351   Harbour porpoise (Phocoena Phocoena)
1364  Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)
1365   Common seal (Phoca vitulina)
1095   Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)
1102  Allis shad (Alosa alosa)
1103  Twaite shad (Alosa fallax)
1355  Otter (Lutra lutra
 
In order to avoid the inclusion of freshwater SACs designated for anadromous/catadromous fish species, Sea lamprey, Allis shad and Twaite shad need to be associated with marine areas (within the SAC) for the site in which they are found to be defined as a ‘SAC with a marine component’. This also applies to Annex II otters, as some SACs contain qualifying otter populations which are either not reliant on the marine environment, or are reliant on marine areas outside SAC boundaries. Annex II Sturgeon (Acipenser sturio) is not included in this list as it is very rare in UK waters; as such its conservation through SAC designation is currently considered inappropriate. Equally, the Annex II Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) is considered to be a vagrant in UK waters and therefore SACs will not be designated for this species.
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