Bat Conservation Trust
The Bat Conservation Trust (BCT) is
the only UK organisation solely devoted to the conservation of bats
and their habitats. This is achieved by: Campaigning nationally,
locally and internationally for bat conservation; enabling local
action through our network of volunteers; encouraging research into
bat ecology and monitoring bat population; supporting and advising
people who find bats in their property; and encouraging everyone to
appreciate and enjoy bats.
The BCT, through its management of
the National Bat Monitoring Programme, has been producing bat
population trends since 1997. We are delighted to be involved with
the TMP as it provides a strong voice for all mammal conservation
and monitoring and the opportunity to work collaboratively on
common issues with other TMP organisations. Volunteer action
delivers the majority of mammal monitoring and a workshop on
identifying best practice for managing volunteers, run jointly by
the TMP and the NBN, provided useful information and was a good
example of the advantages of working collaboratively.
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Bristol University
The University is committed to
excellence in teaching and learning within an environment of
internationally recognised research.
In pursuit of its mission the
University aims to:
- enhance its status as an internationally recognised research
university in which staff pursue their ideas with rigour and
integrity through independent enquiry;
- provide excellent teaching at all levels in an environment
enriched by research so that students may develop intellectually
and individually;
- produce graduates who are adaptable and alert to the benefits
of lifelong learning and who meet the requirements of employers
(local, national and international) from all sectors;
- give greater emphasis to growth in postgraduate student
numbers, particularly research students;
- maintain a balance of basic and strategic research with a
substantial element of contract research and promote learning
through the application of knowledge;
- promote interdisciplinary research both within itself and with
other institutions;
- recruit and retain excellent staff and improve their
effectiveness through the provision of appropriate training and
development in accordance with a policy of equal
opportunities;
- optimise the use of resources to improve the working
environment and range of services for students and staff;
- wherever possible improve the quality of the environment for
the people who live and work in the University and for the wider
community;
- achieve a level of income which will allow for balanced growth,
adequate capital investment and maintenance of a level of reserves
sufficient to provide a sound financial base for future
development.
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British Association for Shooting and Conservation
The British Association for Shooting
and Conservation (BASC) has over 121,000 members throughout the UK.
Those members are a valuable resource that can be called on to help
with mammal surveillance and monitoring.
BASC, through our Green Shoots
programme, are actively involved with increasing biodiversity on
land that is shot over by our members. Our recent survey of members
in Cheshire showed that shooting takes place on just under one
third of the county, and generated some 6,600 new biological
records, which were given to the Cheshire Biological Record Centre.
BASC are presently securing funding to carry out similar projects
in North Wales, Northern Ireland and other counties in
England.
Through the Green Shoots programme
BASC members are increasingly interested in getting involved with
biological recording, many of them already participate in BTO
counts, so could be encouraged to take on additional areas for
mammals. BASC members will also be contributing to the BDS Deer
Distribution Survey.
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British Deer Society
The British Deer Society is a
registered Charity, founded in 1963 to conserve the six species of
deer wild within the UK.
Its objectives are: the promotion,
in the public interest, of research into the habits of and the
scientific study of deer in the British Isles, with particular
reference to their relationship to the natural habitat, forestry,
agriculture and areas to which the public have access; the
promotion, in the public interest, of knowledge of methods of
management, humane treatment and humane control of deer.
It achieves these objectives by
creating awareness through a continuing programme of education,
research, exhibitions, shows, deer management training, and the
quarterly house journal DEER. It is designed for members with a
complete range of deer interests, deer watchers, photographers and
artists, conservationists, deer managers and stalkers,
professionals, scientists, and researchers
It is organised into regional
branches throughout the UK with links throughout the world, which
carry out local activities and events both social and educational
with talks, demonstrations, field and range days. It educates
through publications, display material, talks and a website and
provides advice for educators, farmers, estate managers, gardeners
and the public. It makes recommendations to public bodies and
government departments on legislation, deer management policy,
highway planning considerations and more
The BDS maintains support for vital
deer research work through funding, grants and voluntary
contributions and manpower. It is an active facilitator for all
organisations involved in deer research and welfare and runs an
ongoing national deer count and survey work
Finally, it provides training
through structured courses designed to ensure students have the
best possible tuition to meet current national standards in Deer
Stalking Certificate Levels 1 and 2, Practical Stalker, Deer
Management, Range Conducting Officer, Home Reloading Course, Deer
Photography and Deer Recognition.
The BDS involvement in the TMP is
seen as a natural extension of its role in facilitating research
into deer related projects, especially its own deer distribution
survey and its density and trend analysis. Much ill-informed
comment in both public and governmental arenas concerning numbers
of deer in the UK and their effect on forestry, agriculture, urban
living and road traffic make the collection and interpretation of
accurate data a priority for the BDS. Operating within the umbrella
of TMP affords the opportunity to achieve such an aim in a
structured and credible environment.
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British Trust for Ornithology
The British Trust for Ornithology
(BTO) is a charity dedicated to conducting high quality research in
field ornithology through a partnership between volunteer and
professional ecologists, the results of which are used to provide
evidence and advice on bird conservation. The BTO collects and
analyses data on the abundance of mammals through a number of
surveys. Data are gathered where they help to explain patterns of
bird abundance or where they can be collected relatively simply as
an extension of the existing bird survey work and are of additional
conservation value and interest to BTO members. The BTO supports
the aims of the TMP and will continue to do so by contributing data
on mammal abundance, by making use of its extensive network of
experienced volunteers and its considerable experience in the
statistical analysis of temporal and spatial data and the
development of online surveys. The BTO supports the wide
dissemination of information on the status of mammal species, and
results of surveys or analyses related to mammals will be reported
on the BTO website, in collaboration with other members of the
TMP.
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Central Science Laboratory
The Central Science Laboratory
undertakes research and provides scientific support for Government,
NGO and commercial organisations relating to the ecology of
wildlife species and the management of associated interactions with
human interests. It thus has an ongoing interest in the status of
UK mammal populations in terms of both overabundant species which
may require management and species which need to be conserved to
promote biodiversity.
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Countryside Council for Wales
The Countryside Council for Wales
(CCW) is the Government's statutory adviser on sustaining natural
beauty, wildlife and the opportunity for outdoor enjoyment in Wales
and its inshore waters. With English Nature and Scottish Natural
Heritage, CCW delivers its statutory responsibilities for Great
Britain as a whole, and internationally, through the Joint Nature
Conservation Committee. The availability of robust scientific
information is essential to enable CCW to carry out its advisory
functions and to manage its National Nature Reserves. CCW
commissions and undertakes its own programme of research, but is
also reliant on collaborative projects for this information and to
provide a UK perspective on some of our most threatened
species.
The TMP has successfully combined
the expertise of the key organisations and individuals working for
the conservation of British mammals, including that most valuable
asset – the volunteer network, without whom much of this work would
not be possible.
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Deer Commission for Scotland
The Deer Commission for Scotland was
constituted by the Deer (Scotland) Act 1996, as the successor to
the Red Deer Commission. It is the Non Departmental Public Body
charged with furthering the conservation, control and sustainable
management of all species of wild deer in Scotland, and keeping
under review all matters, including welfare, relating to wild
deer.
DCS collects statutory annual cull returns from landholdings
where deer are shot. These are collated in the annual report along
with venison dealer records.
DCS’s approach to involvement in counting red deer on the ‘open
range’ has been changing over the last few years in response to
increasing resource constraints. In order to spend public money on
deer counting DCS has to demonstrate public benefit. Consequently
DCS’s limited resources are targeted at: a) counting to assist its
Priority Site Process; b) counting to promote best practice in
collaborative deer management.
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Deer Initiative
The Deer Initiative (DI) is a wide
partnership of statutory, non-statutory, voluntary and private
interests. Whilst originally set up by the Forestry Commission and
still, in the main, funded by the Forestry Commission and English
Nature, it has a core staff whose activities are both to
co-ordinate the relevant activities of the partners and to deliver
some functions directly. The aim of the DI is “to ensure the
delivery of a sustainable, well managed wild deer population in
England and Wales”. It is our view, based on the evidence
available, that the geographic range of deer species has been
increasing by between 1-5% annually for the last 40 years (Gill,
2001). Researchers believe that there is currently no reason why
the trend in increasing deer numbers and range expansion should not
continue (Fuller & Gill, 2001).
The DI provides advice and information on all issues relating to
wild deer and their management and facilitates collaborative deer
management through Deer Management Groups. Our aim is to promote
deer management at a landscape scale and where herding species are
present across the whole of their range. To achieve this we require
accurate and timely information on deer distributions and
densities. We currently collect data on deer distributions and
densities from DMGs and our own monitoring and are happy to share
this data with the TMP. We are also maintaining a UK wide database
on road traffic accidents involving deer on behalf of the Highways
Agency and subject to their agreement will make that data available
to the partnership.
The DI is therefore a committed partner in the TMP as it
recognizes the need to collate information regarding the status of
deer in the UK to support future management strategies. However we
acknowledge the finite resources that are available to collect data
and hope that by working in partnership with other organizations
through the TMP we can maximize the information available to
all.
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Defence Estates
Defence Estates (DE) is an executive
agency of the Ministry of Defence (MOD) responsible for managing
the properties and land owned by the MOD. DE's vision is to
provide an estate of the right size and quality, which is managed
and developed effectively inline with acknowledged best practice,
and is sensitive to social and environmental considerations. DE's
mission is to deliver Estate Solution to Defence Needs.
The defence estate is a unique asset
encompassing sites of significant environmental value and rich
cultural heritage that is recognised to be of national and
international importance. We aim to manage the estate sensitively
and also exploit the opportunities we have to contribute to the
Government's wider sustainable development priorities. Out
strategic aim is to manage and develop the defence estate in a
manner that proactively integrates the Government's overarching
objectives for Sustainable Development whilst ensuring the delivery
of defence capability in support of the defence vision.
DE's sustainable priorities are
to:
- Incorporate the Government's sustainable development priorities
into the management and development of the defence estate in the UK
and overseas.
- Deliver the adaptations and efficiencies necessary to address
the predicted impacts of climate change.
- Promote the Department's achievement in contributing to
Sustainable Development.
Defence Estate’s Environmental
considerations include:
- Delivering a proactive approach to estate management, subject
to maintaining the primacy of the MOD training requirement.
- Undertaking surveying, monitoring and environmental management
in support of Biodiversity Action Plans, SSSI status and other
recognised conservation targets.
- Co-ordinating approximately 2,000 MOD Conservation Group
members in their monitoring and conservation projects.
- Ensuring that nature conservation has been fully integrated
with operational and training requirements.
- Promoting awareness and understanding of environmental best
practice.
- Encouraging military individuals, groups and schemes (working
alongside local civilians), all over the world with conservation,
sustainable development and environmental planning.
- Ensuring that the Historic Environment is managed responsibly
and in line with Government policy.
- Undertaking Environmental Assessments/Appropriate Assessments
in support of wider project delivery.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)
Defra’s aim is sustainable
development, which means a better quality of life for everyone, now
and for generations to come, including: a better environment at
home and internationally, and sustainable use of natural resources;
economic prosperity through sustainable farming, fishing, food,
water and other industries that meet consumers' requirements;
thriving economies and communities in rural areas and a countryside
for all to enjoy.
A key Defra objective is to protect
and improve the rural, urban, marine and global environment and to
lead integration of these with other policies across Government and
internationally.
Defra has a key role in the TMP
through funding projects and contributing expertise. We regard the
Partnership as a vital collaborative project which will advance our
knowledge of the status of British mammals. An improved
understanding of mammal abundance and distribution will help us to
achieve this objective.
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Forestry Commission
The Forestry Commission is the
Government Department responsible for forestry policy throughout
Great Britain. The mission of the Forestry Commission is to protect
and expand Britain's forests and woodlands and increase their value
to society and the environment. Forestry is a devolved matter in
England, in Scotland and in Wales. The three commissions report
directly to their appropriate Minister, providing advice on policy
and implementing that policy within the relevant country.
The objective of the Forestry
Commission GB is to take the lead, on behalf of all three
administrations, in the development and promotion of sustainable
forest management and to support its achievement nationally. Each
of the countries has its own strategy and mission, and delivers the
forestry policy of each country through specific objectives and
strategies.
The Forestry Commission also has
four executive agencies. Our public forests are managed by Forest
Enterprise agencies – one each in England, Scotland and Wales – on
behalf of the Forestry Commission in that country. Together they
manage a total of more than 1,000,000 hectares of land.
Forest Research is a GB-wide agency
which aims to deliver high-quality scientific research and surveys,
to inform the development of forestry policies and practices, and
promote and provide advice on high standards of sustainable forest
management. Biodiversity is high on its agenda and the Commission
has an interest in the distribution and abundance of the wildlife
in its forests and other woodlands – both rare species needing
conservation action and those pest species causing damage to trees
or other conservation interests. The Commission regards the TMP,
via its network of participating organisations, as a valuable
source of biodiversity monitoring information, which will advance
the knowledge of the status, abundance and distribution of many
British mammals and assist decision making. Commission staff
contribute time and expertise to the Partnership.
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The Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust
The Game & Wildlife
Conservation Trust (GWCT) is a conservation and education charity
that conducts scientific research and develops sympathetic ways of
managing the countryside for the benefit of Britain's game and
wildlife. Within this remit, population trends of UK mammals are
clearly of considerable interest. The GWCT is also a membership
organisation with 22,000 subscribing members, many of whom are
rural landowners. As a result of this, and through its advisory and
educational roles, the GWCT can claim to have considerable
knowledge of and influence on widespread management practices that
affect mammals.
One of the GWCT’s assets is
an historical database of bag records from shooting estates
throughout the UK, the National Gamebag Census (NGC). The NGC is
unique for the historical perspective it can give on current mammal
population trends. For contemporary monitoring, it provides
extensive UK coverage at low cost and without access problems. The
range of species, which includes lagomorphs, mammalian predators
and introduced mammals, covers many that are poorly monitored by
other schemes. Being part of the TMP is tangible evidence that the
contributions made by NGC participants are valued at the national
level.
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Joint Nature Conservation Committee
Joint Nature Conservation Committee
(JNCC) is the statutory adviser to Government on UK and
international nature conservation. Its work contributes to
maintaining and enriching biological diversity, conserving
geological features and sustaining natural systems.
JNCC delivers the UK and
international responsibilities of the Council for Nature
Conservation and the Countryside (CNCC), the Countryside Council
for Wales (CCW), Natural England, and Scottish Natural Heritage
(SNH). The functions that arise from these responsibilities are
principally to:
- advise Government on the development and implementation
of policies for, or affecting, nature conservation in the UK and
internationally;
- provide advice and disseminate knowledge on nature conservation
issues affecting the UK and internationally;
- establish common standards throughout the UK for nature
conservation, including monitoring, research, and the analysis of
results;
- commission or support research which it deems relevant to these
functions.
The Committee comprises 14 members:
a Chairman and five independent members appointed by the Secretary
of State; the Chairman of CNCC; the Chairmen or deputy Chairmen of
CCW, Natural England and SNH; and one other member from each of
these bodies.
JNCC, originally established under
the Environmental Protection Act 1990, was reconstituted by the
Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006. Support is
provided to the JNCC by a company limited by guarantee (JNCC
Support Co) that the Committee established in 2005.
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The Mammal Society
The Mammal Society is the voice for
British mammals and the only organisation solely dedicated to the
study and conservation of all British mammals. In 2004 we
celebrated our 50th anniversary and the significant contributions
The Mammal Society has made towards the conservation of numerous
British mammals using sound scientific methods to achieve our
objectives.
Surveying and monitoring British
mammals is a key aspect to our work, from our first survey in 1954
on the brown hare to our work on otter populations in the 1960s,
which first established their decline in numbers, to our more
recent work on yellow-necked mice, foxes and water shrews amongst
others.
The Mammal Society believes in
working in partnership with others to share expertise and make the
best use of charity resources and also in making scientific and
biodiversity data widely available. We are therefore delighted to
be part of the TMP to deliver annual mammal monitoring
information.
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Natural England
Natural England works for people, places and nature to
conserve and enhance biodiversity, landscapes and wildlife in
rural, urban, coastal and marine areas. We conserve and enhance the
natural environment for its intrinsic value, the wellbeing and
enjoyment of people, and the economic prosperity it brings.
Part of our work includes advising Government on nature
conservation issues, meeting UK Biodiversity Action Plan targets
for wildlife, and commissioning and financially supporting nature
conservation research projects. We know that many mammal
populations have declined due to habitat loss from human
influences, such as agricultural intensification and development
pressures, competition from non-native species and pollution.
However, for a substantial number of species there is very little
information on what is happening to their populations. The
organisations in the TMP run co-ordinated annual surveys with the
help of a countrywide network of volunteers. This will provide, for
the first time, a comprehensive nationwide assessment of trends in
population changes of all mammals that will act as an early warning
system and measure the success of our conservation effort. Natural
England needs good quality data to direct future conservation and
wildlife management priorities, which will help to ensure the
survival of our native mammalian species.
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Northern Ireland Environment Agency
Northern Ireland Environment Agency
(NIEA, formerly EHS) is the Government’s Nature Conservation Agency
in Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland has only a limited number of
terrestrial mammals probably because they failed to cross the land
connections with Britain before these were broken by rising sea
levels at the end of the last ice-age. A few of these 18 species
such as the Irish Stoat and Irish hare show marked genetic
differences from their UK counterparts and some species, although
identical to those in Britain, utilise different types of
habitat.
NIEA has availed of data
collected by volunteer ornithologists and botanists and a similar
contribution from people with an interest in mammals can only add
value to our biodiversity efforts. Most of the surveillance and
monitoring of mammals done in the past in Northern Ireland has been
done by professionals and has therefore been limited by available
budgets. The wealth of experience in the use of volunteers within
the TMP network will enable more efficient use to be made of
available funds.
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People's Trust for Endangered Species
The People’s Trust for Endangered
Species (PTES) and its restricted fund, Mammals Trust UK (MTUK),
are committed to working to conserve the UK’s mammals in their
natural habitats for future generations to enjoy. We work towards
this goal by funding both scientific research and practical work in
the field, purchasing reserves, involving supporters in nationwide
surveys, holding regular conferences and providing opportunities
for our supporters and members of the general public to learn more
about British mammals and to watch them in the wild.
We believe that recording the
changes in the numbers and distribution of British mammals over
time, and unraveling the often complex causes underlying them, are
the only basis on which effective conservation measures can be
planned for the future.
In partnership with English Nature
and Royal Holloway, University of London, (RHUL), we run the
National Dormouse Monitoring Programme, which has shown that
dormouse populations are continuing to decline, in spite of all the
work that is being carried out by many organisations to conserve
them. We run the
Mammals on Roads survey (with scientific input from
RHUL), now in its sixth
year monitoring roadkill, and Living with
Mammals, now in its fourth
year looking at how
mammals use the built environment. HogWatch was launched in 2006 jointly
with the British Hedgehog Preservation Society to map hedgehog
distribution nationwide.
PTES/MTUK is delighted to be funding
or helping to fund, a number of the other surveillance schemes
included in the overall programme outlined in this document.
We fully support the TMP initiative
and look forward to working in cooperation with all its members as
we jointly aspire to emulate the success of the bird world.
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Queens University, Belfast
Queens University Belfast's School
of Biology and Biochemistry is the leading conservation
science institute in Northern Ireland and is a partner in Quercus,
Northern Ireland's research centre for biodiversity and
conservation biology.
Queen's has a long track record of
work on mammals and we are the only institution equipped to conduct
extensive mammal surveillance and monitoring work in Northern
Ireland. We have been the main parties in national surveys of bats,
otters, badgers, foxes, hares, squirrels, rodents, seals and other
mammal groups. Four members of the academic staff, three postdocs
and over 10 postgraduate students and contract research
staff are actively engaged in work related to mammal
conservation, behaviour and ecology.
QUB is committed to continuing
research on mammals and to providing support for local and national
agencies interested in conservation and monitoring of mammals. We
are pleased to be involved in the TMP as key representatives of
research and monitoring work undertaken in Northern Ireland.
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Royal Holloway University of London
Royal Holloway, University of London
has a long history of work on mammal populations, conservation and
behaviour. We set up the first monitoring programme for a
terrestrial mammal (the common dormouse) in the early 1990s. The
National Dormouse Monitoring Programme now yields high quality
annual data on dormouse population trends in different regions and
landscapes – precisely the data that the TMP aspires to acquire for
all UK mammals. We have pioneered the use of mammal counts along
roads (in the Mammals on Roads survey) as a method of population
monitoring and have developed new techniques to monitor mammals
living near built land, mustelids, the fat dormouse and riparian
species. Our goal is to combine, wherever possible, scientific
research with conservation action on the ground.
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Scottish Natural Heritage
Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) has
been involved with the TMP and its predecessor Working Group since
its inception in 1999. SNH continues to be involved for the
following reasons: many mammals are under-recorded over much of
Scotland, particularly the remoter parts of the country, reflecting
low human population density and, consequently a low density of
biological recorders; for most Scottish mammals, there is little or
no information on population trends and the TMP currently
represents the only cost-effective means of gathering such
information; the data generated helps to inform decisions
concerning species conservation and management. One example
concerns the issue of licences under the EU Habitats Directive
where there is a need to ensure that authorised actions will not be
detrimental to the maintenance of the population of the species
concerned at favourable conservation status in its natural
range.
Overall, the Partnership and the
surveys that it co-ordinates provide an excellent opportunity for
engaging the general public in mammal surveillance and
conservation.
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The Welsh Assembly Government
We are the Wildlife Unit within the
Welsh Assembly Government’s Department for Environment, Planning
and the Countryside. This Department gives advice on the
legislation covering the control of vertebrate pests causing damage
to agriculture, fisheries and property and where appropriate issues
licences to permit otherwise prohibitive action to be taken. We are
therefore constantly involved in the investigation of
mammal-related problems and need to be aware of population trends.
The Wildlife Unit is also the point of contact for members of the
public wishing to report the suspected poisoning of wildlife and
pets by pesticides. Frequently there is overlap between these two
areas – poisoning of wildlife can be caused by illegal or reckless
attempts at pest control. Similarly, legal pest control can result
in a range of wildlife falling victim to secondary poisoning, and
in some cases direct poisoning. An example of the latter would be
mice and voles feeding on common rat baiting points placed outside.
Another example of an interaction is the competition between red
and grey squirrels – in many instances control of the latter is
undertaken to help populations of the former.
It is therefore self-evident that
our unit will benefit from being within the Partnership as we are
very interested in population trends of mammals such as badger,
rabbit, fox, mink, grey squirrel, polecat and deer. We are also
charged with the task of investigating sightings and possible
livestock losses caused by big cats. It is therefore likely that
information will flow in both directions.
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WildCRU, University of Oxford
The Wildlife Conservation Research
Unit (WildCRU) undertakes conservation projects throughout the
world and has a wealth of experience studying both endangered and
pestilential species, as well tackling the related issues of
environmental management and community involvement. The WildCRU has
contributed to a number of national surveys and reports to
government on the status and future monitoring of mammals in the UK
and is committed to addressing and solving the issues affecting
British wildlife.
The TMP provides the WildCRU with a
collaborative framework of like-minded organisations, which
together can achieve more significant objectives, and exercise a
greater influence on policy than any single body could alone. The
synergisms of developing ideas in parallel with partners, while
building on a co-operative conservation platform, also has major
benefits both for the WildCRU and to the mammal species we need to
monitor and safeguard.
The WildCRU also has considerable
experience of working with volunteers. Specifically we are looking
at what methods of training are suitable and effective for
volunteer teams while simultaneously yielding effective results. We
are trying to establish techniques that are easy to use, replicable
over a broad scale, cost effective and, importantly, give the
participating volunteers enjoyment and broaden their understanding
of ecological monitoring.
With the enormity of the task of
trying to systematically monitor all of Britain's mammal species we
hope that the expertise we have gained from both our broad-ranging
scientific research, as well as our experience of training and
deploying volunteers, will be of benefit to the TMP.
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The Wildlife Trusts
The Wildlife Trusts are a unique
partnership of 47 local Wildlife Trusts covering the whole of the
UK, the Isle of Man, The Scilly Isles and Alderney. The partnership
campaigns for the protection of wildlife and invests in the future
by helping people of all ages to gain a greater appreciation and
understanding of nature. Collectively The Wildlife Trusts have
approximately 530,000 members and manage almost 2,500 nature
reserves, covering more than 80,000 hectares of land, ranging from
inner city urban sites to the UK's finest wildlife areas.
We are actively engaged in mammal
conservation throughout the UK from the national to the local level
and over the years our staff and volunteers have dedicated
considerable time and resources to monitoring British mammal
populations. Being part of the TMP enables the Trusts to contribute
more effectively to the collective efforts of organisations
concerned with mammal monitoring for the benefit of mammal
conservation overall.
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